First, you create a bog standard table like:

<table border="0">
<caption>2009 Individual Sales by Category</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td></td>
<th>food</th>
<th>auto</th>
<th>household</th>
<th>furniture</th>
<th>kitchen</th>
<th>bath</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Mary</th>
<td>150</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>70</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Tom</th>
<td>3</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>49</td>
</tr>
...repetitive rows removed for brevity.</tbody></table>

Then you visualize it. You end up with pretty graphs like these:

<div class="example-date">
  <span class="day">31</span> 
  <span class="month">July</span> 
  <span class="year">2009</span>
</div>

and converts it to:

all via the CSS:

-webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); 
-moz-transform: rotate(-90deg);	
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=3);

yeah as you can see it’s working on IE too. Not bad ha?

Some major new features in 5.3:

1. Namespaces! They didn’t end up exactly as I thought they would but they are a major feature PHP was missing for a long time, and I’m very curious to see how it works out in big projects.
2. Closures and anonymous functions! PHP now has first-class functions, and you can do all kinds of crazy stuff with it. Or just make your code easier to read and maintain
3. Garbage collection. PHP engine, being refcount-based, always has had a slight problem with reference loops. Even though usually it was not a big issue since at the end of the request everything is cleaned up, for long-running PHP applications not based on short request pattern it became a problem. Not anymore – now the engine knows to clean up such loops.
4. Late static binding – it’s somewhat exotic thing for people that never encountered it, but was very burning issue for people that did need it. Basically, when class Foo extends class Bar, and the method func() defined in Foo is called as Bar::func(), there was no way to distinguish it from Foo::func(). Now there is. This allows to implement all kinds of cool patterns like ActiveRecord.
5. Intl extension in core – lots of functions to allow you to internationalize your application.
6. Phar in core – now you can pack all the application in one neat file and still be able to run it!

Also in 5.3:

1. Nowdocs – same as heredocs, but doesn’t parse variables. Excellent feature for somebody that wants to include bing chunk of text into the script which can happen to have $’s etc. in it.
2. ?: shortcut. That’s simple – $a?:$b is $a if $a is true, otherwise it’s $b.
3. goto. Yes, I know. But now we have it too. Deal with it.
4. mysqlnd – native PHP-specific mysql driver.

Last but definitely not least – tons of performance improvements, bug fixes, etc. Download it today!

Here’s the message that I get every time:

Last login: Wed Jul  8 16:35:28 2009 from 192.168.2.3
Linux localhost 2.6.20-15-server #2 SMP Sun Apr 15 07:41:34 UTC 2007 i686
 
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
 
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
root@localhost:~#

Changing this message requires editing two different files. The first three sections can be modified by editing the following file:

  nano  /etc/motd

This file contains the linux build number as well as the Ubuntu warranty message. I don’t find this particularly useful, so I removed all of it and replaced it with my own message.

To disable the last login message (which I don’t recommend doing), you will need to edit the following file in sudo mode:

  nano  /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Find this line in the file and change the yes to no as shown:

    PrintLastLog no

Now when you login, you’ll get a blank prompt, although I wouldn’t necessarily recommend it because it’s useful to see the last login to the system for security reasons. This is my prompt now:

Last login: Wed Jul  8 17:05:12 2009 from 192.168.2.3
OMG!! You killed kenny! You BASTARD!
 
             _..-""""-.._
           .'            '.
          /     _...._     \
         /  ,=";_.''._;"=,  \
        ;  /  /  `\/`  \  \  ;
        |  |  |  '/\'  |  |  |
        |  |  \..'  '../  |  |
         ;  \  \      / .'  ;
          \  '._-.__.-_.'  /
          /'.   ``|\``   .'\
         /   `'-../.).-'`   \
        |_                  _|
       (  \                /  )
        '-/                \-'
          |________________|
          (________.________)
 
root@localhost:~#

To create the custom CD…..

Mount the install…

mount /dev/scd0 /cdrom

Copy the CD.

mkdir -p /opt/cd-image
cp -r /cdrom/* /opt/cd-image
cp –r /cdrom/.disk /opt/cd-image

Extract the initrd.gz from the cd image

mkdir extract
cd extract
 
zcat /opt/cd-image/install/initrd.gz | cpio -i

Delete the modules in sym53c8xx_2 directory

rm –rf ./extract/lib/modules/2.6.20-15-generic/kernel/drivers/scsi/sym53c8xx_2

Repack the modified files.

Cd back to to your extract directory

find . | cpio -o --format='newc' |   gzip -9 > ~/initrd.gz.new

Put the new file into our CD replacing the old one.

cp ~/initrd.gz.new /opt/cd-image/install/initrd.gz

Now create the iso image.

 
IMAGE=custom.iso
BUILD=/opt/cd-image/
 
mkisofs -r -V "Custom Ubuntu Install CD" \
            -cache-inodes \
            -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
            -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot \
            -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
            -o $IMAGE $BUILD

Burn the image to CD and you should be able to install to your Compaq Smart Array controller.

Installation

1. Boot the install CD. At the splash screen hit [esc] to get the boot: prompt and enter: expert as the only option.

2. Do all the steps up to & including “Install the Base System”

3. After installing the Base System, hit Alt-F2 and enter the console.

4. type:

echo “cpqarray” >>/target/etc/mkinitramfs/modules
*it can be
echo “cpqarray” >>/target/misc/mkinitramfs/modules
or
echo “cpqarray” >>/target/etc/modules
(You must find it out it can be diffrent by versions)
- check to see which one your system is trying to use.

5. Exit the console. Press Alt+F1 to return to the install.

6. Continue the installation steps as normal.

Networking and Upgrade version after installation
You can check this page for network stuff
you must check this page for upgrading

Don’t forget
Your old version’s /etc/apt/sources.list is wrong you must change it like this

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main/debian-installer
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

P.S. there is a bug about update-manager if you get an error until updating version you must
change this file /var/lib/update-manager/meta-release

herefore (on Feisty), edit /var/lib/update-manager/meta-relase and just replace all occurences of:

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/gutsy/

with

http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/gutsy/

All information in this article can be found in the man pages for du and df. In case you get bored reading the man pages, and you want your work quickly, then this article is for you.

‘du’ – find the size of a directory

$ du

Enter the above at the command prompt, you can view a list of directories in the current directory with their sizes. The last line of output gives you the size of the current directory including subdirectories. The size given the size of the files and directories in the current directory and all its subdirectories. Note that by default are the size in kilobytes.

$ du / home / david

The above command would be the directory, size of the directory / home / david

$du  -h

This command gives you a better outcome than standard. The option “-h” stands for the human-readable format. So that the size of the files and directories are this time with a suffix ‘K’ if its kilobytes and “M” if its Megabytes and ‘G’, if its gigabytes.

$du -ah

This command would be in his performance, not just the directories, but also all the files in the current directory. Note that “you” always counts all files and directories, with the final size in the last line. But the “-a” shows the file name along with the directory name in the output. ‘-h’ is re-readable form.

$du -c

This gives you a large sum in the last line of output. So, if your directory is 30MB the last 2 lines of output would be

30M.
30M total

In the first line will be the default last line of the “du” output, indicating the size of the list and a further display of the same size, followed by the string “Total”. This is useful if you run this command with the command grep only the final size of a directory, as shown below.

$ du -ch | grep total

This would have only one line in the output shows the size of the current directory including all subdirectories.

Note: If you are not familiar with the lines (around the above command possible) refer to Article No. 24 Grep is one of the most important commands in Unix. See Rule No. 25 to learn more about grep.

$du -s

This shows a summary of the directory size. It is the easiest way to know the size of the current directory.

$du -S

This would increase the size of the current directory without the size of the subdirectories in that directory. So it basically shows the total size of all files in the current directory.

$du --exculde = mp3

The above command would be the size of the current directory with all subdirectories, but it would make all files with the given pattern in their filenames. Thus in the above case, if it happens, all MP3 files in the current directory or its subdirectories, their size is not taken into account when calculating the total list size.

‘df’ – finding the disk free space / disk usage

$df

Enter the above is a table consisting of 6 columns. All columns are very easy to understand. Remember that the “size”, “Used” and “free” columns use kilobytes as a unit. The “Use% column shows the use as a percentage, which is also very useful.

$df -h

Shows the same performance as the previous one, but the command “-h” shows human-readable format. Therefore, instead of kilobytes as the unit of output would have been “M” for megabytes and “G” for gigabytes.

The majority of users are not on the other parameters, which are to “df”. So I will not discuss.

I will again show you an example that I am on my computer. I have actually saved this as a script called “use” because I think it often.

Example:

I have my Linux installation on / dev/hda1 is mounted and I have my Windows partitions as well (by default every time Linux boots). So ‘df’ default shows me the disk usage of my Linux and Windows partitions. And I’m only in the hard disk using the Linux partitions. That is what I use:

$df-h | grep / dev/hda1 | cut-c 41-43

This command displays the following on my computer

45%

Basically, this command “df” which uses all the disk partitions and then extracts the lines with / dev/hda1, because I am only in this. Then cut the characters from the 41st to 43 Column, since the columns, the use in%, that is what I want.